Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a condition that usually affects individuals over the age of 60. It can affect younger people, less commonly, especially if they are very nearsighted.
The macula is the center of the retina and is responsible for the central part of the vision, allowing us to read and see fine detail. With age, the part of the retina can undergo degenerative changes which, if severe, can lead to serious loss of vision.
Major risk factors for developing AMD include family history, smoking, female gender, light colored eyes and farsightedness.
AMD is usually divided into two types: wet and dry. The dry form is more common and has less effect on the vision. In this case, the pigment layer behind the macula undergoes atrophy and can accumulate deposits of waste material called “drusen”, which are visible to the ophthalmologist as yellow spots in the retina. There is no cure for dry AMD but specific doses of vitamins A, E, C and zinc can slow its progression.
Wet AMD results from leakage of blood from small, abnormal blood vessels that grow behind the retina. This type is less common but may result in sudden, severe central vision loss. Wet AMD may be treated with injectable medications or laser.
It’s very important to schedule regular comprehensive eye exams in order to determine medical conditions, including macular degeneration. To schedule your appointment, contact our office today.